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Origin:

The name Burdwan is the anglicized form of Barddhaman. There are two schools of thoughts about the name Barddhaman. It might have been named after the 24th Jaina Tirthankar. According to Kalpasutra of the Jains, Mahavira spent sometime in Astikagram which was formerly known as Barddhaman. The name Bardhamana in the vernacular is a corruption of the Sanskrit Vardhamana (the present participle passive of the verb Vardh) and implies “The increasing or prosperous”. In the progress of Aryanisation from Upper Ganges valley, the frontier colony was called Barddhaman as a landmark of growth and prosperity. The name came to stay as the Aryans failed to consolidate their gains further east.

Geography:

The Purba Bardhaman district extends from 22°56' N to 23°53' N latitude and from 87°56' E to 88°25' E longitudes. Lying within Burdwan Division, the district is bounded on the north by Birbhum and Murshidabad, on the east by Nadia, on the south by Hooghly, Bankura and Purulia and on the west by Paschim Bardhaman districts.

The river Ajay separetes Birbhum to the north with exception of a portion of Katwa subdivision; the Damodar forms a southern boundary with Purulia and Bankura, while Bhagirathi forms the main eastern boundary with a few exceptions. The maximum length from east to west is 120 Km while the maximum breadth from north to south is 112 KM.

The district with it’s varied tectonic and riverine features is a transitional zone between Chotanagpur Plateau and the Gangetic alluvium. As per classification made under NARP, West Bengal has been classified under six zones. District Purba Bardhaman having diversified features, falls under three zones, namely old alluvial zone, new alluvial zone and red and laterite soil zone. The KVK farm at Bud Bud, however, falls under old alluvial zone.

Agriculture:

Purba Bardhaman is the only district in the state of West Bengal that is fortunate both in industry and agriculture. On an average about 58 percent of the total population belongs to the agricultural population while the non-agricultural sector accounts for the remaining 42 percent.

The eastern, northern, southern and central areas of the district are extensively cultivated but the soils of the western portion being extreme lateritic type are unfit for cultivation except in the narrow valleys and depressions having rich soil. Rice is the most important crop of the district. Paddy covers maximum of the gross cropped area. Among commercial crops, jute, sugarcane, potato and oilseeds are major crops. Productivity of the major crops grown in the district is indicated below. Major cropping patterns include paddy-wheat-vegetables, paddy – potato – sesame, paddy – vegetable – mustard and jute – paddy – vegetables.

Purba Bardhaman District at a Glance

Total Geographical Area: 5432.69 sq. km.
Head Quarter: Bardhaman

Geographical Position

North Latitude Between 23°53' N and 22°56' N East Longitude Between 88°25' E and 87°56' E

Demographic Details

Sl. No	Particulars	Year	Value
1	Population
	Male	2011	3588376
	Female	2011	3307138
	Total Population	2011	6895514
	Rural	2011	2547048
	Urban	2011	4348466
2	Population density / Sq. km	2011	985
3	Literates
	Male (%)	2011	78.6
	Female (%)	2011	61.0
	Total (%)	2011	70.2
4	Details on SC/ST population
	Male	2011	1176724
	Female	2011	1125862
	Total Population	2011	2302586
5	Labour Profile
	Total workers	2011	2451241
	Male workers	2011	1920944
	Female workers	2011	530297
	Rural Workers	2011	1686683
	Urban Workers	2011	764558
	Cultivators	2011	361687
	Agricultural Labourers	2011	734022
	Household Industry	2011	121271
	Other Workers	2011	1234261
	Marginal Workers	2011	548907
	Non-workers	2011	4444273
6	Average labour wages for farm operations (Rs./manday of seven to nine hours)		Skilled job     Unskilled job
	Peak Seasons	2011	104.00                     96.00
	Male	2011	104.00                     96.00
	Female	2011	104.00                     96.00
	Lean Seasons	2011	104.00                     96.00
	Male	2011	104.00                     96.00
	Female	2011	104.00                     96.00
7	Major languages spoken in the district	2011	Bengali, Hindi, Santhali
8	Details on Birth-Death Rate (per 1000 population)
	Birth Rate	2011	16.4
	Death Rate	2011	4.2
	Infant Mortality Rate	2011	1.94
	Expectation of life in years	2011	65
	Male	2011	67
	Female	2011	64

Sources: District Statistical Handbook, 2007. Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Govt. of WB. and Dist. Information Office Burdwan

Taluk details

Name of the Taluk	Total area (ha)	Taluk HQ
Burdwan(N)	170106	Burdwan(N)
Burdwan(S)	141003	Burdwan(S)
Katwa	107048	Katwa
Kalna	99375	Kalna

Block details:(Blocks:22 nos.)

Sl. No.	Name of the Block	Total area in ha	No. of Panchayat	No. of Villages (2001)
01	Galsi-I	25737	09	86
02	Burdwan-I	25041	09	78
11	Burdwan-II	18957	09	84
03	Ausgram-I	22234	07	58
04	Ausgram-II	36045	07	101
05	Bhatar	41501	14	104
06	Galsi-II	21909	09	73
07	Memari-I	18691	10	112
08	Memari-II	18684	09	88
09	Jamalpur	26302	13	121
10	Raina-I	26607	08	111
11	Raina-II	22728	08	87
12	Khandaghosh	26523	10	107
13	Mongalkote	36544	15	129
14	Ketugram-I	19398	08	62
15	Ketugram-II	16003	07	55
16	Katwa-I	16894	09	63
17	Katwa-II	16320	07	61
18	Purbasthali-I	14844	07	93
19	Purbasthali-II	19247	10	87
20	Kalna-I	16908	09	99
21	Kalna-II	17217	08	113
22	Monteshwar	30519	13	136

Name of the Block	Total Population inclusive of SC / ST population			SC / ST population
	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total
Galsi-I	90531	83592	174123	33741	32235	65976
Burdwan-I	92650	87178	179828	33983	32961	66944
Burdwan-II	70837	68060	138897	34756	34413	69169
Ausgram-I	54675	52175	106850	25103	24130	49233
Ausgram-II	69948	66315	136263	35575	34196	69771
Bhatar	120943	115535	236478	48786	47448	96234
Galsi-II	68906	65071	133977	30232	29304	59536
Memari-I	100652	97626	198278	49693	49232	98925
Memari-II	69571	66100	135671	29327	28723	58050
Jamalpur	123524	119873	243397	60474	60478	120952
Raina-I	83611	79312	162923	31755	30934	62689
Raina-II	70819	66518	137337	29958	28756	58714
Khandaghosh	87636	82695	170331	34608	33321	67929
Mongalkote	120535	113423	233958	39995	38259	78254
Ketugram-I	74339	71520	145859	20208	19385	39593
Ketugram-II	55255	51799	107054	19313	18217	37530
Katwa-I	78669	73432	152101	25689	24373	50062
Katwa-II	61718	58600	120318	18169	17528	35697
Purbasthali-I	94571	88495	183066	26572	25005	51577
Purbasthali-II	96969	91092	188061	28509	26775	55284
Kalna-I	97839	92902	190741	38124	37470	75594
Kalna-II	78464	75216	153680	41269	40459	81728
Monteshwar	110163	103335	213498	27682	26743	54425

(Source: Dist. Statistical Handbook, Burdwan, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of W.B. 2007 and Dist. Information Office Burdwan)

Block-wise literacy rate (%)

Name of the Block	Other than of SC / ST population			SC / ST population
	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total
Galsi-I	81.4	62.6	72.5	68.5	48.6	58.8
Burdwan-I	86.4	70.6	78.8	69.0	48.2	58.8
Burdwan-II	86.5	67.8	77.5	69.0	48.2	58.7
Ausgram-I	79.4	61.4	70.6	64.4	44.6	54.7
Ausgram-II	80.5	60.2	70.7	65.1	43.2	54.4
Bhatar	81.0	65.0	73.2	65	44.8	55.0
Galsi-II	79.6	66.4	73.3	69.2	41.6	55.6
Memari-I	84.2	70.2	77.4	67.0	43.8	55.5
Memari-II	88.3	68.5	78.8	70.7	51.1	61.0
Jamalpur	84.5	65.9	75.5	64.5	46.7	55.6
Raina-I	87.8	75.6	81.9	78.1	56.2	67.3
Raina-II	89.6	70.2	80.3	78.8	61.0	70.1
Khandaghosh	88.3	72.9	80.9	74.6	54.3	64.6
Mongalkote	74.5	61.3	68.1	61.0	39.5	50.5
Ketugram-I	76.4	62.5	69.6	59.2	41.1	50.3
Ketugram-II	78.4	63.7	71.3	59.0	42.1	50.8
Katwa-I	75.6	61.9	69.0	63.9	43.5	54.0
Katwa-II	73.1	60.3	66.9	61.6	41.3	51.6
Purbasthali-I	83.6	68.5	76.3	71.8	52.9	62.6
Purbasthali-II	80.1	66.8	73.7	64.6	45.4	55.3
Kalna-I	82.0	69.3	75.9	68.3	45.1	56.8
Kalna-II	85.2	65.3	75.6	67.5	49.9	58.8
Monteshwar	81.9	64.4	73.5	65.5	50.8	58.3

(Source: Dist. Statistical Handbook, Burdwan, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of W.B. 2007 and Dist. Information Office Burdwan)

Educational and other infrastructural facilities of year (2008-09)

Sl. No.	Particluars	Numbers/Values
01	Educational facilities
a)	Pre-primary	8312
b)	Primary	4070
c)	Middle	64
d)	High	488
e)	Higher Secondary	300
02	Professional colleges
a)	Medical	3
b)	Engineering	10
c)	Agriculture	0
d)	Veterinary / Fisheries	0
e)	Others (Please specify)
03	Number of Arts and Science Colleges	27
04	Institutional Credit Facility
a)	Name of the Lead Bank	UCO Bank
b)	Number of branches of lead bank in the district	72
c)	Other Commercial Banks	417
d)	Primary Land Development Bank	2
e)	District Central Co-operative Banks	1
f)	Urban Banks	52
g)	Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Society	617
h)	Housing Co-operative Societies	10
i)	Employees Co-operative Societies	355
j)	Weavers Co-operative Society	60
k)	Industrial Co-operative Society	12
l)	Khadi and Village Industries Societies	25
m)	Industrial Co-operative Societies	16
n)	Primary Co-operative Stores	35
05	Agricultural Marketing and Processing
a)	Number of Regulated Markets	45
b)	Number of Co-operative Marketing Society	2766
c)	Number of Permanent Markets / Central Markets	40
d)	Number of weekly markets / shandies	1200
e)	Number of drying yards	1575
f)	Number of storage godowns	310
g)	Number of cold storage units for agricultural produce	104
h)	Number of agro based / agri-based processing industries	1361
i)	Small scale	941
ii)	Medium scale	420
iii)	Large scale	--

(Source: Dist. Statistical Handbook, Burdwan, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of W.B. 2007 and Dist. Information Office Burdwan)

Agro-climatic features

a) Rainfall pattern during 2009-10

Sl. No.	Month	Rainfall in m.m.
		Actual	Normal	% deviation
01	January	16.2	9	44
02	February	8.8	24	-173
03	March	25.8	28	-9
04	April	72.9	48	34
05	May	84.0	109	-30
06	June	23.8	229	-862
07	July	280.0	289	-3
08	August	234.2	280	-20
09	September	201.2	221	-10
10	October	156.3	83	47
11	November	7.9	15	-90
12	December	5.0	13	-160

b) Temperature prevailed during 2009-10

Sl. No.	Month	Mean Maximum ° C			Mean Minimum ° C
		Actual	Normal	% deviation	Actual	Normal	% deviation
01	January	25.2	30	-16	6.9	9	-23
02	February	28.6	38	-25	10.7	14	-24
03	March	32.2	38	-15	12.9	16	-19
04	April	30.8	38	-19	17.1	21	-19
05	May	34.2	38	-10	18.2	22	-17
06	June	33.2	38	-13	17.3	21	-18
07	July	28.4	35	-19	19.3	24	-20
08	August	34.0	35	-3	24.0	24	0
09	September	34.0	34	0	23.0	23	0
10	October	33.4	34	-2	20.6	20	3
11	November	31.0	33	-6	16.7	14	19
12	December	31.0	30	3	11.2	11	2

c) Relative humidity during 2009-10

Sl. No.	Month	Mean Maximum %
		Actual	Normal	% deviation
01	January	76	68	12
02	February	78	73	7
03	March	81	78	4
04	April	88	83	6
05	May	87	85	2
06	June	85	83	2
07	July	89	92	-3
08	August	91	94	-3
09	September	88	90	-2
10	October	86	89	-3
11	November	85	85	0
12	December	79	76	4

Source: Dist. Statistical Handbook, Burdwan, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of W.B. 2007 and Metrological observatory of CSRSJAF & KVK Burdwan and Principal Agricultural Office, Burdwan.

Land details

a) Nine fold classification of land and other land details during 2008-09

Sl. No.	Particulars	Area in ha	% to the Total geographical area
01	Total geographical area	702400	--
02	Area under Forest	22270	3.17
03	Barren and uncultivable land	790	0.11
04	Land put into non-agricultural uses	195950	27.90
05	Cultivable waste	8060	1.15
06	Permanent pastures and other grazing lands	380	0.05
07	Miscellaneous tree crops and grooves not included in the net area sown	1200	0.17
08	Current Fallow	7700	1.10
09	Other Fallow	4610	0.66
10	Net Area Sown	457800	65.18
11	Area sown more than once	--	--
12	Gross Cropped Area	897288	127

b) Details on operational holdings 2008-09

Sl. No.	Classification category	Category area*	Operational area in ha	% to total operational area	Number of holdings	% to total number of holdings
01	Marginal	< 1 ha	191610	40.59	325565	71.89
02	Small	1 - 2 ha	149896	31.75	88410	19.52
03	Small-medium	2 - 5 ha	92627	19.62	32015	7.07
04	Medium	5 - 10 ha	36993	7.84	6817	1.51
05	Large	> 10ha	992	0.21	60	0.01
	Total		472118		452867

*Category area varies between states (Source: Dist. Statistical Handbook, Burdwan, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of W.B. 2007 and Principal Agricultural Office, Burdwan).

Irrigation Resources

Sl. No.	Particluars	Number	Other related particulars	Values
01	Canals
	Government	292681 ha
	Private	--
02	Tanks (ponds)
	< 40 ha	5000 ha
	=>40 ha
03	Wells
	Bore wells	1000 nos.
	Dug cum bore wells
	Deep Tube wells	185 nos.

(Source: Dist. Statistical Handbook, Burdwan, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of W.B. 2007 and Agri-Irrgation Department, Purta Bhawan, Burdwan)

Soil resources and type

Sl. No.	Name of the Block	Soil type	Major nutrients which are deficient	Micro-nutrients which are deficient
01	Galsi-I	Clay	--	Zn, B
02	Burdwan	Clay Loam	P,K	Zn, B
03	Aushgram-I	Clay Loam	--	Zn, B
04	Aushgram-II	Sandy Loam	--	Zn, B
05	Bhatar	Clay Loam, Sandy	--	Zn, B
06	Galsi-II	Clay	--	Zn, B
07	Memari-I	Loam	--	Zn, B
08	Memari-II	Sandy Loam	S	Zn, B
09	Jamalpur	Clay	--	Zn, B
10	Raina-I	Loam	--	Zn, B
11	Raina-II	Clay Loam	--	Zn, B
12	Khandaghosh	Loam	--	Zn, B
13	Mongalkote	Clay Loam	K,S	Zn, B
14	Ketugram-I	Clay Loam	--	Zn, B
15	Ketugram-II	Clay Loam	--	Zn, B
16	Katwa-I	Clay Loam	P,S	Zn, B
17	Katwa-II	Clay Loam	--	Zn, B
18	Purbasthali-I	Gangetic Bindhya Alluvial	--	Zn, B
19	Purbasthali-II	Gangetic Bindhya Alluvial	--	Zn, B
20	Kalna-I	Loam	--	Zn, B
21	Kalna-II	Gangetic Alluvial	--	Zn, B
22	Monteshwar	Clay Loam	K	Zn, B

(Source: Annual Plan 2009-2010 on Agriculture for Burdwan district, Principal Agricultural Office, Burdwan)

Area(ha), production(ton) and productivity(kg/ha) of major crops for 2008-09

Sl. No.	Crop	Net area sown(ha)	Area sown more than once (ha)	Total Cropped Area (ha)	Cropping Intensity (%) 2008-09	Production (M.T.)	Produ-ctivity (kg/ha)
01	Paddy (Aus)	30292	225000	43275	191	183183	4233
02	Paddy(Aman)	319470		402371		1792211	2735
03	Paddy (Boro)	150793		183895		711851	4305
04	Wheat	7794	--	12991		27086	2084
05	Gram	1738	--	2484		22807	918
06	Lentil	3701	--	5694		5083	892
07	Mustard	34280	--	50413		41731	827
08	Potato	50631	--	67508		481602	7266
09	Jute	6848	--	9131		131622	14414

(Source: Annual Plan 2009-2010 on Agriculture for Burdwan district, Principal Agricultural Office, Burdwan)

Area under irrigation for major crops for 2008-09

Table - I: (General Crops)

Sl. No.	Crop	Total Cropped Area (ha)	Irrigated Area (ha)	% of Irrigation
01	Paddy (Aus)	43275	5025	11
02	Paddy(Aman)	402371	342015	85
03	Paddy (Boro)	183895	183895	100
04	Wheat	12991	12991	100
05	Gram	2484	1242	50
06	Lentil	5694	2847	50
07	Mustard	50413	40330	80
08	Potato	67508	67508	100
09	Jute	9131	4565	50

Table - II: (Hybrid/ HYV Crops)

Sl. No.	Crop	Total Cropped Area (ha)	Area under HYV / hybrids (ha)	% of Irrigation
01	Aman Paddy (HYV)	402371	374326	93
02	Aman Paddy (Hybrid)	402371	15000	04
03	Boro Paddy (HYV)	183895	165675	90
04	Boro Paddy (Hybrid)	183895	30000	16
05	Maize (Hybrid)	1490	1000	68
06	Wheat (HYV)	12991	11561	89
07	Gram (HYV)	2484	1887	76
08	Lentil (HYV)	5694	3985	70
09	Mustard (HYV)	50413	41338	82
10	Potato (HYV)	67508	63457	94
11	Jute (HYV)	9131	8217	90

Table - III: (Other Hybrid/ HYV Crops)

Sl. No.	Crop	Total Cropped Area (ha)	Area under HYV / hybrids (ha)	% of Irrigation
01	Cereals
a)	Paddy – Fine	740.00	1150.00	--
b)	Rice – Fine	1057.00	1910.00	20.00
02	Pulses
a)	Musur – Big
b)	Gram
03	Oilseeds
a)	Mustard
04	Vegetables
a)	Potato
b)	Brinjal
c)	Cabbage
d)	Cauliflower
e)	Tomato
05	Fruits
a)	Coconut
b)	Banana
c)	Mosambi
06	Commercial including sugar and fibre crops
a)	Sugar
07	Spices and Plantation crops
a)	Onion
b)	Dry Chilies
c)	Garlic
d)	Ginger

(Source: Principal Agricultural Office, Burdwan)